Drug-induced psychosis: symptoms and treatment

Imagine that you or a loved one suddenly experience hallucinations or delusions triggered by the use of drugs or certain medications. Drug-induced psychosis can be frightening and overwhelming, and those affected urgently need help and clarity.

Substance-induced psychosis, also known as drug-induced psychosis, is a mental illness directly triggered by the use of psychoactive substances such as drugs or prescription medications. These psychoses are characterized by symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and severe behavioral changes. Not everyone who uses these substances develops psychosis. Various factors influence the risk, including the amount and frequency of use, genetic predisposition, and the type of substance used.

Substance-induced psychosis can be triggered by the abuse of various substances:

1. Drugs such as cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine, LSD, hallucinogenic mushrooms and MDMA.
2. Medications such as antibiotics, interferons and Parkinson's medications.
3. Alcohol , especially in cases of excessive consumption and sudden withdrawal.

The symptoms of substance-induced psychosis vary depending on the type of substance and individual sensitivity, but typically include:

1. Hallucinations : Hearing, seeing , or sensing things that do not exist.
2. Delusions : False beliefs that are unshakable.
3. Behavioral changes : Increased arousal, aggressive behavior, or social withdrawal.
4. Thinking and perception : Altered perception of reality and one's own self.
5. Severe anxiety and sleep disturbances .
6. Suicidal thoughts : In severe cases.

The diagnosis of drug-induced psychosis begins with a detailed medical history, including substance use and symptoms. A drug test can help identify the substances consumed.

It is important to distinguish substance-induced psychoses from other psychotic disorders. Psychotic symptoms can also occur in conditions such as schizophrenia, Korsakoff syndrome, or organic brain changes. Brain imaging techniques such as CT or MRI can be helpful in this regard.

The treatment of substance-induced psychosis takes place in several stages:

1. Abstention : Absolute abstinence from the causative substance.
2. Acute phase : Ensure a calm environment, administer sedatives and antipsychotics if necessary.
3. Long-term therapy : psychotherapy, rehabilitation and relapse prevention.

1. Sedatives to reduce anxiety and sleep disorders.
2. Antipsychotics for persistent psychotic symptoms.

Depending on the severity of the symptoms, different therapy methods can be used:

1. Talk therapy to treat the underlying addiction and for long-term stabilization.
2. Complementary therapies such as progressive muscle relaxation, yoga or creative activities to support emotional stability.

People with drug-induced psychosis and their families should be aware that there are many support options available:

1. General practitioners for initial assessment and referral to specialists.
2. Psychiatric clinics for comprehensive diagnostics and therapy.
3. Addiction counseling centers for support in overcoming addiction.
4. Self-help groups for exchanging ideas with other affected people.

Drug-induced psychosis is a serious mental illness triggered by the use of certain substances. Timely diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment are crucial for successfully managing the condition. Help is available, whether from medical professionals, specialized clinics, or support groups. If you or someone you know is affected by drug-induced psychosis, don't hesitate to seek professional support.

Rebecca Schett is a person-centered psychotherapist in private practice and works as a social worker in the acute psychiatric department of Innsbruck University Hospital. She studied social work and psychotherapy, graduating with distinction from both programs. With her additional training in crisis intervention, she sensitively supports people in stressful life situations.

Important note: The information provided here is for general information purposes only and is not a substitute for professional advice and treatment from a physician. You should always consult a physician if you suspect a serious health problem or if symptoms persist.