Neurodegenerative diseases: the central role of mitochondria
A fundamental discovery
Until now, scientists have observed a defect in mitochondrial activity in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, but a fundamental question remained unanswered: is this dysfunction a cause or a consequence of neuronal degeneration?
Researchers from Inserm and the University of Bordeaux, in collaboration with the University of Moncton in Canada, have just provided a decisive answer. They have developed a unique tool that can stimulate mitochondrial activity in a timely manner.
The team created an artificial receptor called "mitoDREADD-Gs," capable of activating certain proteins (called G proteins) directly in the mitochondria. These proteins play a key role in modulating brain mitochondrial activity.
The researchers tested their device on mouse models of dementia. The results were compelling: mitoDREADD-Gs stimulation not only increased mitochondrial activity but also significantly improved the mice's memory.
This discovery suggests that a defect in mitochondrial activity could be the cause of neuron degeneration, and not simply a consequence of it.
"These results will need to be confirmed, but they allow us to learn more about the important role of mitochondria in the proper functioning of our brain," explains Étienne Hébert-Chatelain, professor at the University of Moncton, co-last author of the study published Monday, August 11 in the journal Nature Neurosciences. "Ultimately, the tool developed could allow us to identify the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for dementia, and facilitate the development of effective therapeutic targets."
SudOuest
